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circle bundle : ウィキペディア英語版 | circle bundle In mathematics, a circle bundle is a fiber bundle where the fiber is the circle . Oriented circle bundles are also known as principal ''U''(1)-bundles. In physics, circle bundles are the natural geometric setting for electromagnetism. A circle bundle is a special case of a sphere bundle. ==As 3-manifolds== Circle bundles over surfaces are an important example of 3-manifolds. A more general class of 3-manifolds is Seifert fiber spaces, which may be viewed as a kind of "singular" circle bundle, or as a circle bundle over a two-dimensional orbifold.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「circle bundle」の詳細全文を読む
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